This pattern of eating should last at least one month to meet the time diagnostic criterion of pica.
Xylophagia (wood, or wood products such as paper).Trichophagia (hair, wool, and other fibers).Geophagia (earth, soil, sand, clay, chalk).Amylophagia (purified starch, as from corn).Subtypes are characterized by the substance eaten: Pica is the consumption of substances with no significant nutritional value such as soap, plaster, or paint. Signs and symptoms Chalky stone composed of kaolinite with traces of quartz, small pieces of which were sucked on by a person with pica. Pica can also be found in animals such as dogs and cats. Cases of severe bacterial infections occurrence (leptospirosis) in patients diagnosed with pica have also been reported. Another risk of eating soil is the ingestion of animal feces and accompanying parasites. In addition to poisoning, a much greater risk exists of gastrointestinal obstruction or tearing in the stomach. A similar risk exists from eating soil near roads that existed before the phase-out of tetraethyllead or that were sprayed with oil (to settle dust) contaminated by toxic PCBs or dioxin. Children eating painted plaster containing lead may develop brain damage from lead poisoning. Pica is most commonly seen in pregnant women, small children, and people who may have developmental disabilities such as autism. Stressors such as psychological trauma, maternal deprivation, family issues, parental neglect, pregnancy, and a disorganized family structure are risk factors for pica. Pica has been linked to other mental disorders. In addition, it can cause surgical emergencies to address intestinal obstructions, as well as more subtle symptoms such as nutritional deficiencies and parasitosis. Pica may lead to intoxication in children, which can result in an impairment of both physical and mental development.
#CODING FOR PICA EATING DISORDER MANUAL#
Īccording to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), pica as a standalone eating disorder must persist for more than one month at an age when eating such objects is considered developmentally inappropriate, not part of culturally sanctioned practice, and sufficiently severe to warrant clinical attention. The term was drawn directly from the medieval Latin word for magpie, a bird subject to much folklore regarding its opportunistic feeding behaviors. The ingested or craved substance may be biological, natural or manmade. It is classified as an eating disorder but can also be the result of an existing mental disorder. Once the barium coats the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine, X-rays are taken to look for any abnormalities.Pica is the eating or craving of things that are not food. Upper GI or Barium swallow: This test involves drinking liquid barium, a contrast or barium sulfate suspension, which is a radiopaque substance used in imaging procedures to enhance visualization of structures that are difficult to see in the gastrointestinal tract.Once positioned in the esophagus, the patient is asked to swallow to allow it to measure the strength of the muscle contractions and coordination of the esophagus in its functionality. Esophageal manometry: This test measures the function and strength of the esophagus and LES by inserting a thin tube through the nose or mouth and into the esophagus.
#CODING FOR PICA EATING DISORDER PORTABLE#
A thin tube is placed through the nose or mouth and into the esophagus and then connected to a portable device, and over the following 24 hours, the patient will journal any symptoms, dietary intake, and activities performed while the device records the various pH levels. Esophageal pH monitoring: This is a test that measures the acidity (pH) levels in the esophagus over a 24-hour period.It can help identify the presence of esophagitis, bleeding, ulcers, strictures, hiatal hernia, or other abnormalities. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or upper endoscopy: This procedure involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) through the mouth and into the esophagus and stomach to visualize structures, mucosal linings, and possibly part of the small intestine where absorption occurs.Physical examination: Examination of the throat, mouth, and dentition can provide additional evidence of GERD or rule out other causes of the patient's symptoms.Identifying the makeup of the patient's diet, such as processed or greasy foods, large amounts of caffeine, or even gluten, can assist the provider in identifying patterns that may help identify the likelihood of GERD. Medical history: This includes a detailed history of when the patient's symptoms began, such as heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, or chronic cough, as well as identifies any remedies the patient may have used with some success (e.g., over-the-counter antacids, digestive enzymes).
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